Saint Petersburg topographic map

Sochi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), at the lower elevations. Its average annual temperature is 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) during the day and 11.5 °C (52.7 °F) at night. In the coldest months—January and February—the average temperature is about 10 °C (50 °F) during the…

Average elevation: 486 ft

Average elevation: 180 ft

Moscow is situated on the banks of the Moskva River, which flows for just over 500 km (311 mi) through the East European Plain in central Russia, not far from the natural border of the forest and forest-steppe zone. 49 bridges span the river and its canals within the city's limits. The elevation of Moscow at…

Average elevation: 522 ft

As Elbrus is located in the Northern Hemisphere, the summer period takes place from June to mid-September, with an average of 50% of sunny days favorable to the ascent of the summit. However, the winds, dominated by westerly air masses, can turn violent and temperatures drop very quickly. Above 4000 meters…

Average elevation: 16,932 ft

Average elevation: 331 ft

Average elevation: 1,529 ft

Average elevation: 4,734 ft

Average elevation: 758 ft

Eastern and central Sakha comprises numerous north–south mountain ranges of various ages. These mountains extend up to almost 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), but above a few hundred metres they are almost completely devoid of vegetation. The Verkhoyansk Range was extensively glaciated in the Pleistocene, but the…

Average elevation: 1,135 ft

The Ural Mountains (/ˈjʊərəl/ YOOR-əl; Russian: Ура́льские го́ры, tr. Uralskiye gory, IPA: [ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ]; Bashkir: Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north-south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to…

Average elevation: 4,708 ft

Average elevation: 1,535 ft

Average elevation: 591 ft

Average elevation: 308 ft

Average elevation: 4,094 ft

Up to 1,000–1,100 m elevation, the mountain slope is covered with mixed forest, in some places with driftwood, occasional alpine meadows and rocky outcrops. Above 1,100 m elevation, there are no trees or bushes, and instead rock streams of various sizes, with grass, flowers and moss start to appear.

Average elevation: 4,377 ft

Average elevation: 988 ft

Average elevation: 879 ft

Average elevation: 528 ft

Average elevation: 1,099 ft

Average elevation: 728 ft

Average elevation: 131 ft

Average elevation: 787 ft

Average elevation: 5,276 ft

Average elevation: 486 ft

Average elevation: 797 ft

Average elevation: 686 ft

Average elevation: 10,643 ft

The coastal stretch of the range is populated by Japanese stone pine and Dahurian larch. Parts of the range occupied by the Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga ecoregion contain swathes of Jezo spruce up to elevations of 1,300 m.

Average elevation: 5,131 ft

Average elevation: 702 ft

Average elevation: 988 ft

Average elevation: 801 ft

Average elevation: 2,680 ft

Average elevation: 98 ft

Average elevation: 16,404 ft

Average elevation: 5,764 ft

Average elevation: 479 ft

Average elevation: 499 ft

Average elevation: 371 ft

Average elevation: 217 ft

Average elevation: 148 ft

Average elevation: 259 ft

Average elevation: 295 ft

Average elevation: 131 ft

Average elevation: 338 ft

Average elevation: 364 ft

Average elevation: 144 ft

Average elevation: 226 ft

Average elevation: 515 ft

Average elevation: 1,411 ft

The highest and rockiest section of the range is located in its central part. Although not as high as the topmost summits of the Lateral Range to the north, the highest elevations of the Main Caucasian Range include the 5,193 meters (17,037 ft) high Shkhara, the 4,466 meters (14,652 ft) high Mount Bazardüzü…

Average elevation: 9,134 ft

Average elevation: 574 ft

Average elevation: -69 ft

Average elevation: 4,659 ft

Average elevation: 1,332 ft

Average elevation: 236 ft

Average elevation: 2,858 ft

Average elevation: 2,106 ft

Average elevation: 1,499 ft

Average elevation: 30 ft

Average elevation: 1,476 ft

The mountain was first put on the map in the 1820s by Arctic explorer Fyodor Litke (1797–1882) following his Novaya Zemlya explorations. It was named after Imperial Russian Navy Admiral Ivan Kruzenshtern (1770–1846). The mountain's name must have been known to Soviet topographers, but for undisclosed…

Average elevation: 3,432 ft

Average elevation: -89 ft

Average elevation: 148 ft

Average elevation: 138 ft

Average elevation: 89 ft

Average elevation: 1,037 ft

Average elevation: 213 ft

Average elevation: 128 ft

Average elevation: 509 ft

Average elevation: 364 ft

Average elevation: 525 ft

In this area, temperature inversions consistently form in winter due to the extremely cold and dense air of the Siberian High pooling in deep hollows, so that temperatures increase rather than decrease with higher altitude. In Verkhoyansk it sometimes happens that the average minimum temperatures for January,…

Average elevation: 459 ft

Average elevation: 16,831 ft

Average elevation: 719 ft

Average elevation: 577 ft

Average elevation: 738 ft

Average elevation: 1,985 ft

Average elevation: 1,027 ft

Average elevation: 2,093 ft

Average elevation: 663 ft

Average elevation: 732 ft

Average elevation: -43 ft

Average elevation: 1,503 ft

Average elevation: 1,188 ft

Average elevation: 689 ft

Average elevation: 1,234 ft

Vaygach Island is mainly formed of argillaceous slates, sandstone, and limestone. There are many rivers about 20–40 kilometres (12–25 mi) in length, swamps, and small lakes on the island. For the most part it consists of tundra. Slight rocky ridges run generally along its length, and the coast has low…

Average elevation: 39 ft

Average elevation: 466 ft

Average elevation: 607 ft

Average elevation: 1,266 ft

Average elevation: 351 ft

Average elevation: 177 ft

Average elevation: 164 ft

Average elevation: 217 ft

Average elevation: 522 ft

Average elevation: 492 ft

With an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfd), Oymyakon is known as one of the places considered the Northern Pole of Cold, the other being the town of Verkhoyansk, located 629 km (391 mi) away by air. The weather station is in a valley between Oymyakon and Tomtor. The station is at…

Average elevation: 2,228 ft

Average elevation: 702 ft

Average elevation: 348 ft

Approximately 85% of the archipelago is glaciated, with large unglaciated areas on the largest islands and many of the smallest ones. The islands have a combined coastline of 4,425 kilometers (2,750 mi). Compared to other Arctic archipelagos, Franz Josef Land is highly dissected, as a result of it being heavy…

Average elevation: 131 ft