Calanque d'En-Vau topographic map

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 203 ft

Average elevation: 1,280 ft

Average elevation: 322 ft

The first half of the 14th century was a prosperous period, despite the dismemberment in 1317 of the very large bishopric of Toulouse (which lost two thirds of its area and a large part of its income, a loss only partially compensated by its elevation to the rank of archbishopric), and the episode of the…

Average elevation: 509 ft

Due to its elevation, Chamonix has a humid continental climate (Dfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of 1,280 mm (50 in). Summers are mild and winters are cold and snowy.

Average elevation: 7,267 ft

Under the Köppen climate classification scheme, coastal regions are characterized by a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). Further inland, a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) is more common. At the highest elevation locations, small areas with a subarctic climate (Dsc, Dfc) and the rare cold-summer…

Average elevation: 456 ft

Average elevation: 358 ft

Average elevation: 6,401 ft

Annecy has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) in spite of its relatively far inland position. Influenced by its elevation, summers are rather moderate on average, although they can be highly variable with extreme heat spikes. Winters see occasional freezing temperatures, but most often stays in the single-digits…

Average elevation: 1,818 ft

Average elevation: 207 ft

Average elevation: 203 ft

Average elevation: 810 ft

Average elevation: 1,745 ft

The Armorican massif reaches its maximal elevation outside of Brittany, in neighbouring Mayenne, at 417 m, and slopes towards the west before straightening on its western extremity, with the Montagnes Noires and the Monts d'Arrée. The highest hill in Brittany is the Roc'h Ruz in the Monts d'Arrée, at 385 m…

Average elevation: 164 ft

Except for a few dozen houses on the slopes of the Bastille hill of Chartreuse, Grenoble is exclusively built on the alluvial plain of the rivers Isère and Drac at an altitude of 214 metres (702 ft). As a result, the city itself is extremely flat. Mountain sports are an important tourist attraction in summer…

Average elevation: 807 ft

Its topography is very mixed. As its name suggests, most of the department is a constituent part of the overall topographic Alps – including the Maritime Alps – but it also has the distinction of being a coastal district with its Mediterranean coast. The coastal area, urbanized and densely populated…

Average elevation: 3,186 ft

Average elevation: 663 ft

Average elevation: 1,145 ft

Average elevation: 410 ft

Average elevation: 902 ft

Average elevation: 233 ft

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Average elevation: 16 ft

Average elevation: 2,182 ft

Average elevation: 525 ft

Average elevation: 1,457 ft

Average elevation: 1,798 ft

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Average elevation: 755 ft

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Average elevation: 243 ft

Average elevation: 1,217 ft

Enclosed by the city walls, the Rocher des Doms is a limestone elevation of Urgonian type, 35 metres high (and therefore safe from flooding of the Rhone which it overlooks) and is the original core of the city. Several limestone massifs are present around the commune (the Massif des Angles,…

Average elevation: 128 ft

Average elevation: 515 ft

Average elevation: 351 ft

Average elevation: 538 ft

Average elevation: 666 ft

Bernex is located at an elevation of 958 metres (3,143 ft), within a natural cirque bordered by Mont César to the north, the Dent d'Oche to the east, Mont Baron to the south, and the Gavot Plateau to the west.

Average elevation: 3,599 ft

Average elevation: 279 ft

Average elevation: 686 ft

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Average elevation: 505 ft

Average elevation: 151 ft

Average elevation: 860 ft

Average elevation: 486 ft

Average elevation: 390 ft

Average elevation: 1,007 ft

Average elevation: 108 ft

Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire is the "host town" of the Haute-Provence Observatory, a nationally ranked facility. It is considered, by many astronomers, to be the best European low-altitude (400 meters) observatory in operation. There is also an astronomy center for educational purposes. It hosts students of…

Average elevation: 1,781 ft

Average elevation: 663 ft

The climate is temperate at the weather station due to its low altitude, but Saint-Étienne itself is much higher, above 530 m (1,739 ft) in the centre, as well as even above 700 m (2,297 ft) in the southern parts of the city. Saint-Étienne is very close to a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen:…

Average elevation: 2,195 ft

Average elevation: 377 ft

Average elevation: 2,162 ft

Average elevation: 2,382 ft

Average elevation: 453 ft

Average elevation: 456 ft

Average elevation: 2,077 ft

Average elevation: 262 ft

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Average elevation: 820 ft

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Average elevation: 295 ft

Average elevation: 984 ft

Average elevation: 6,654 ft

Average elevation: 902 ft

Average elevation: 837 ft

Average elevation: 105 ft

Average elevation: 3 ft

Average elevation: 171 ft

Average elevation: 171 ft

Average elevation: 69 ft

Average elevation: 1,476 ft

Average elevation: 371 ft

Average elevation: 20 ft

Average elevation: 1,398 ft

Average elevation: 3,304 ft

Average elevation: 1,841 ft

Average elevation: 3,734 ft

Average elevation: 3,501 ft

Average elevation: 207 ft

Average elevation: 541 ft

Average elevation: 308 ft

Average elevation: 262 ft

Average elevation: 515 ft

Average elevation: 709 ft

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Average elevation: 138 ft

Average elevation: 364 ft

Average elevation: 5,879 ft

Average elevation: 6,093 ft

Average elevation: 3 ft

Average elevation: 400 ft

Average elevation: 1,283 ft

Average elevation: 10 ft

Paris is situated on a relatively flat terrain, with its average elevation around 150 feet (45 meters) above sea level. The city lies within the Paris Basin, a low-lying area that was shaped over millennia by the meandering River Seine, which cuts through the city. Though generally flat, Paris is home to…

Average elevation: 194 ft

Average elevation: 98 ft

Average elevation: 3 ft

Average elevation: 2,438 ft

Average elevation: 1,486 ft