Calanque d'En-Vau topographic map

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 203 ft

Covering 5,229 square kilometres (2,019 square miles), the department was the smallest among the four contributors to Champagne-Ardenne. It is diverse in climate, topography, natural vegetation and land use, which is a mixture of forest and arable farming.

Average elevation: 738 ft

The Massif Central is an old massif, formed during the Variscan orogeny, consisting mostly of granitic and metamorphic rocks. It was powerfully raised and made to look geologically younger in the eastern section by the uplift of the Alps during the Paleogene period and in the southern section by the uplift of…

Average elevation: 1,217 ft

Average elevation: 308 ft

The Armorican massif reaches its maximal elevation outside of Brittany, in neighbouring Mayenne, at 417 m, and slopes towards the west before straightening on its western extremity, with the Montagnes Noires and the Monts d'Arrée. The highest hill in Brittany is the Roc'h Ruz in the Monts d'Arrée, at 385 m…

Average elevation: 164 ft

Average elevation: 322 ft

Annecy has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) in spite of its relatively far inland position. Influenced by its elevation, summers are rather moderate on average, although they can be highly variable with extreme heat spikes. Winters see occasional freezing temperatures, but most often stays in the single-digits…

Average elevation: 1,818 ft

Average elevation: 4,091 ft

Average elevation: 515 ft

Under the Köppen climate classification scheme, coastal regions are characterized by a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). Further inland, a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) is more common. At the highest elevation locations, small areas with a subarctic climate (Dsc, Dfc) and the rare cold-summer…

Average elevation: 456 ft

Average elevation: 2,182 ft

Average elevation: 351 ft

Average elevation: 59 ft

Due to its elevation, Chamonix has a humid continental climate (Dfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of 1,280 mm (50 in). Summers are mild and winters are cold and snowy.

Average elevation: 7,267 ft

Average elevation: 840 ft

Average elevation: 43 ft

Average elevation: 1,745 ft

Except for a few dozen houses on the slopes of the Bastille hill of Chartreuse, Grenoble is exclusively built on the alluvial plain of the rivers Isère and Drac at an altitude of 214 metres (702 ft). As a result, the city itself is extremely flat. Mountain sports are an important tourist attraction in summer…

Average elevation: 807 ft

Les Houches, located 6 kilometres from Chamonix, is a ski resort with a domain which extends from an altitude of 950 metres up to 1900 metres. Long descents through tree-lined slopes are combined with impressive views of the Mont Blanc massif and the Chamonix valley.

Average elevation: 5,669 ft

Average elevation: 151 ft

Average elevation: 525 ft

Average elevation: 213 ft

Average elevation: 348 ft

Average elevation: 1,198 ft

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 203 ft

Paris is situated on a relatively flat terrain, with its average elevation around 150 feet (45 meters) above sea level. The city lies within the Paris Basin, a low-lying area that was shaped over millennia by the meandering River Seine, which cuts through the city. Though generally flat, Paris is home to…

Average elevation: 194 ft

Average elevation: 1,280 ft

The glacier lies above the Chamonix valley. The pressure within the ice is known to reach at least 30 atmospheres. The Mer de Glace can be considered as originating at an elevation of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft), just north of the Aiguille du Tacul, where it is formed by the confluence of the Glacier de Leschaux…

Average elevation: 7,621 ft

Average elevation: 203 ft

Average elevation: 203 ft

Average elevation: 1,230 ft

Average elevation: 735 ft

Average elevation: 5,879 ft

Average elevation: 331 ft

Average elevation: 469 ft

Morne de Vitet, 286 metres (938 feet) in height, is the highest peak on the island. Hills and valleys of varying topography cover the rest of the island. Notable are Morne Rouge, Morne Criquet, Morne de Grand Fond, Morne de Dépoudré and Morne Lurin. The largest bodies of water on the island are Étang de…

Average elevation: 13 ft

The first half of the 14th century was a prosperous period, despite the dismemberment in 1317 of the very large bishopric of Toulouse (which lost two thirds of its area and a large part of its income, a loss only partially compensated by its elevation to the rank of archbishopric), and the episode of the…

Average elevation: 509 ft

Average elevation: 98 ft

Average elevation: 5,686 ft

Average elevation: 348 ft

Average elevation: 203 ft

Average elevation: 184 ft

Average elevation: 1,217 ft

The glacier lies above the Chamonix valley. The pressure within the ice is known to reach at least 30 atmospheres. The Mer de Glace can be considered as originating at an elevation of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft), just north of the Aiguille du Tacul [fr], where it is formed by the confluence of the Glacier de…

Average elevation: 7,618 ft

Average elevation: 528 ft

The River Seine flows through the middle of the region, which is crisscrossed by its tributaries and sub-tributaries, including the Rivers Marne, Oise and Epte. The River Eure does not cross the region but receives water from several rivers in the Île-de-France, including the Drouette and the Vesgre. The…

Average elevation: 407 ft

Average elevation: 482 ft

Average elevation: 1,555 ft

Average elevation: 141 ft

Average elevation: 591 ft

Average elevation: 108 ft

Average elevation: 938 ft

Average elevation: 886 ft

Nantes is built on the Armorican Massif, a range of weathered mountains which may be considered the backbone of Brittany. The mountains, stretching from the end of the Breton peninsula to the outskirts of the sedimentary Paris Basin, are composed of several parallel ridges of Ordovician and Cadomian rocks.…

Average elevation: 85 ft

Average elevation: 256 ft

Average elevation: 4,081 ft

Average elevation: 492 ft

The highest point is Mont Ross in the Gallieni Massif, which rises along the southern coast of the island and has an elevation of 1,850 metres (6,070 ft). The Cook Ice Cap (French: Calotte Glaciaire Cook), France's largest glacier with an area of about 403 km2 (156 sq mi), lies on the west-central part of the…

Average elevation: 125 ft

Average elevation: 1,053 ft

Average elevation: 479 ft

Average elevation: 207 ft

Average elevation: 374 ft

Average elevation: 722 ft

Average elevation: 492 ft

Average elevation: 525 ft

Average elevation: 472 ft

Average elevation: 253 ft

Average elevation: 253 ft

Average elevation: 883 ft

Nantes is built on the Armorican Massif, a range of weathered mountains which may be considered the backbone of Brittany. The mountains, stretching from the end of the Breton peninsula to the outskirts of the sedimentary Paris Basin, are composed of several parallel ridges of Ordovician and Cadomian rocks.…

Average elevation: 85 ft

Due to its elevation, Chamonix has a humid continental climate (Dfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of 1,280 mm (50 in). Summers are mild and winters are cold and snowy.

Average elevation: 7,267 ft

Average elevation: 16 ft

The municipality covers an area of 1,795 hectares; the elevation ranges from 0 to 187 meters. It is classified as seismic zone 4 (moderate seismicity) and some earthquakes are felt in Cagnes-sur-Mer.

Average elevation: 187 ft

Average elevation: 75 ft

Average elevation: 335 ft

Average elevation: 499 ft

Average elevation: 1,273 ft

Average elevation: 1,289 ft

Average elevation: 6,401 ft

Average elevation: 997 ft

Average elevation: 256 ft

The bay of Tuuraapuo was the main crater of the volcano, whose collapsed southwestern edge only subsists still in the islets Toopua and Toopua-iti, which culminate respectively at 148 m (486 ft) and 17 m (56 ft), altitude. The volcanic rocks are of basaltic type, consisting mostly of alkaline basalts, some…

Average elevation: 36 ft

Average elevation: 144 ft

Average elevation: 2,746 ft

Average elevation: 23 ft

Average elevation: 3,520 ft

Average elevation: 433 ft

Average elevation: 135 ft

The main two islands are Basse-Terre (west) and Grande-Terre (east), which form a butterfly shape as viewed from above, the two 'wings' of which are separated by the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin, Rivière Salée and Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin. More than half of Guadeloupe's land surface consists of the 847.8 km2…

Average elevation: 121 ft

Versailles is located 17.1 km (10.6 mi) west-southwest from the centre of Paris. The city sits on an elevated plateau, 130 to 140 metres (425 to 460 ft) above sea-level (whereas the elevation of the centre of Paris is only 33 m (108 ft) above sea level), surrounded by wooded hills: in the north the forests of…

Average elevation: 466 ft

Average elevation: 322 ft

Average elevation: 322 ft

Average elevation: 5,138 ft

Average elevation: 518 ft

Average elevation: 256 ft

Average elevation: 56 ft

Average elevation: 157 ft

Average elevation: 1,762 ft

Average elevation: 5,518 ft

Average elevation: 4,475 ft