Metropolitan France topographic map

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 246 ft

Average elevation: 69 ft

Average elevation: 1,191 ft

Average elevation: 43 ft

Average elevation: 1,168 ft

Average elevation: 2,782 ft

Average elevation: 489 ft

Average elevation: 43 ft

Average elevation: 171 ft

Average elevation: 623 ft

Average elevation: 3,671 ft

Average elevation: 518 ft

Average elevation: 295 ft

Average elevation: 335 ft

Average elevation: 1,755 ft

Average elevation: 1,309 ft

Average elevation: 4,206 ft

Average elevation: 2,785 ft

Average elevation: 3,271 ft

Average elevation: 430 ft

Average elevation: 686 ft

Average elevation: 381 ft

Average elevation: 59 ft

Average elevation: 932 ft

Average elevation: 3,980 ft

Average elevation: 1,519 ft

Average elevation: 436 ft

Average elevation: 935 ft

Average elevation: 2,169 ft

Average elevation: 3,445 ft

Average elevation: 945 ft

Average elevation: 302 ft

Average elevation: 1,463 ft

Average elevation: 5,902 ft

Average elevation: 49 ft

Average elevation: 922 ft

Average elevation: 1,811 ft

Average elevation: 236 ft

Average elevation: 768 ft

Average elevation: 2,677 ft

The maximum elevation for skiing is at Telesiege Yret at 2,800 m (9,190 ft) above sea level, and the minimum is 1,200 m (3,940 ft), a total vertical drop of 1,600 m (5,250 ft). One of the outstanding features of Serre Chevalier is the wooded nature of the slopes. The timber line is at 2,150 m (7,050 ft),…

Average elevation: 7,402 ft

Average elevation: 302 ft

Average elevation: 0 ft

Average elevation: 207 ft

Average elevation: 56 ft

Average elevation: 190 ft

Average elevation: 6,385 ft

Average elevation: 699 ft

Average elevation: 2,438 ft

Average elevation: 49 ft

Average elevation: 8,241 ft

Average elevation: 1,348 ft

Average elevation: 262 ft

Average elevation: 20 ft

Average elevation: 23 ft

Average elevation: 161 ft

Average elevation: 1,867 ft

Average elevation: 2,224 ft

Average elevation: 1,309 ft

Average elevation: 2,513 ft

Average elevation: 305 ft

In the late Quaternary, the current topographic physiognomy was formed—i.e. a set of hills overlooking a swampy lowland. The promontory of Bassussarry–Marracq ultimately extended to the Labourdin foothills. The Grand Bayonne hill is an example. Similarly, on the right bank of the Nive, the heights of…

Average elevation: 75 ft

Average elevation: 866 ft

Average elevation: 236 ft

Average elevation: 26 ft

Average elevation: 899 ft

Average elevation: 23 ft

Average elevation: 7,904 ft

Average elevation: 128 ft

Average elevation: 1,952 ft

Average elevation: 919 ft

Average elevation: 3,261 ft

Average elevation: 3,740 ft

Average elevation: 108 ft

Average elevation: 2,559 ft

Average elevation: 115 ft

Average elevation: 486 ft

Average elevation: 1,020 ft

Average elevation: 433 ft

Average elevation: 1,588 ft

Average elevation: 23 ft

Average elevation: 2,274 ft

Average elevation: 13 ft

Average elevation: 627 ft

Average elevation: 151 ft

Average elevation: 410 ft

Average elevation: 341 ft

Average elevation: 171 ft

Average elevation: 827 ft

Average elevation: 220 ft

Average elevation: 1,293 ft

Average elevation: 896 ft

Average elevation: 138 ft

Average elevation: 308 ft

Average elevation: 505 ft

Average elevation: 59 ft

Average elevation: 259 ft

Average elevation: 3,573 ft

Average elevation: 4,646 ft

Average elevation: 1,024 ft