Panama topographic map

Flagstaff, located in Coconino County, Arizona, is characterized by its diverse topography, primarily shaped by its high elevation and volcanic activity. Sitting at around 7,000 feet (approximately 2,130 meters), the city is surrounded by the expansive Coconino National Forest, which features a blend of…

Average elevation: 7,139 ft

The San Francisco Bay Area is characterized by a diverse and dynamic topography shaped by geological processes over millions of years. This region features a combination of coastal plains, steep hills, and rugged mountains, all influenced by the tectonic activity associated with the nearby San Andreas Fault…

Average elevation: 371 ft

Pollock Pines is a census-designated place (CDP) in El Dorado County, California, United States. It is part of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. Pollock Pines lies at an elevation of 3,980 feet (1,210 m) in the Sierra Nevada. The population was 6,871 at the 2010 census,…

Average elevation: 3,681 ft

Hilo has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af), with substantial rainfall throughout the year. Its location on the windward coast (relative to the trade winds), makes it the fourth-wettest city in the United States, behind the southeast Alaskan cities of Whittier, Ketchikan and Yakutat, and one of the…

Average elevation: 1,027 ft

North America's topography is characterized by its diverse and dramatic landscapes, stretching from the towering Rocky Mountains in the west to the expansive Great Plains in the central region, and the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Rocky Mountains, which include peaks exceeding 20,000 feet…

Average elevation: 965 ft

Indianapolis is within the Tipton Till Plain, a flat to gently sloping terrain underlain by glacial deposits known as till. The lowest point in the city is about 650 feet (198 m) above mean sea level, with the highest natural elevation at about 900 feet (274 m) above sea level. Few hills or short ridges, known…

Average elevation: 791 ft

The city of Grass Valley is the largest city in the western region of Nevada County, California, United States. Situated at roughly 2,500 feet (760 m) elevation in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, this historic northern Gold Country city is 57 miles (92 km) by car from the state…

Average elevation: 2,549 ft

Average elevation: 413 ft

The Himalayas present a dramatic and varied topography characterized by towering peaks, deep valleys, and extensive glaciers. This majestic mountain range features some of the highest elevations on Earth, including Mount Everest, which rises to 29,035 feet. The terrain is marked by steep, jagged ridges and…

Average elevation: 24,787 ft

Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa known as the Highveld, at an elevation of 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). The former Central Business District is located on the southern side of the prominent ridge called the Witwatersrand (English: White Water's Ridge) and the terrain falls to the…

Average elevation: 5,299 ft

Average elevation: 1,270 ft

Average elevation: 5,262 ft

The Appalachian Mountains (French: Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern to northeastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. They once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky…

Average elevation: 4,800 ft

The elevation of the City ranges from sea level at the Thames to 21.6 metres (71 ft) at the junction of High Holborn and Chancery Lane. Two small but notable hills are within the historic core, Ludgate Hill to the west and Cornhill to the east. Between them ran the Walbrook, one of the many "lost" rivers or…

Average elevation: 138 ft

Average elevation: 56 ft

Average elevation: 2,031 ft

Birmingham is a snowy city relative to other large UK conurbations, due to its inland location and comparatively high elevation. Between 1961 and 1990 Birmingham Airport averaged 13.0 days of snow lying annually, compared to 5.33 at London Heathrow. Snow showers often pass through the city via the Cheshire gap…

Average elevation: 427 ft

Animals are also suspected to have immigrated to Machu Picchu as there were several bones found that were not native to the area. Most animal bones found were from llamas and alpacas. These animals naturally live at altitudes of 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) rather than the 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) elevation of…

Average elevation: 7,306 ft

In the 1860s, San Franciscans began to feel the need for a spacious public park similar to Central Park, which was then taking shape in New York City. Golden Gate Park was carved out of unpromising sand and shore dunes that were known as the Outside Lands, in an unincorporated area west of San Francisco's…

Average elevation: 233 ft

Quezon City is characterized by a diverse topography that features a mix of flatlands, rolling hills, and elevated areas, particularly in the eastern and northern parts of the city. The elevation generally ranges from about 25 to 300 feet above sea level, with higher elevations found in areas like the La Mesa…

Average elevation: 187 ft

Average elevation: 285 ft

Average elevation: 413 ft

The city is sometimes described as The City of Four Lakes, comprising the four successive lakes of the Yahara River: Lake Mendota ("Fourth Lake"), Lake Monona ("Third Lake"), Lake Waubesa ("Second Lake") and Lake Kegonsa ("First Lake"), although Waubesa and Kegonsa are not actually in Madison, but just south…

Average elevation: 948 ft

Average elevation: 794 ft

Average elevation: 72 ft

Average elevation: 528 ft

Kathmandu is located at an elevation of approximately 4,600 feet (1,400 meters) within the Kathmandu Valley. This valley is characterized by a bowl-like topography, encircled by the lower Himalayan ranges, which rise sharply in the north, culminating in peaks that exceed 24,000 feet (7,300 meters)​. The…

Average elevation: 5,046 ft

Average elevation: 4,836 ft

Average elevation: 2,966 ft

Medellín has 16 comunas (districts), 5 corregimientos (townships), and 271 barrios (neighborhoods). The metropolitan area of Medellín lies within the Aburrá valley at an elevation of 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) above sea level and is bisected by the Medellín River (also called Porce), which flows northward.…

Average elevation: 6,883 ft

Average elevation: 4,268 ft

Average elevation: 174 ft

Average elevation: 3,182 ft

Average elevation: 2,644 ft

Average elevation: 2,904 ft

Average elevation: 6,060 ft

Average elevation: 1,220 ft

Average elevation: 387 ft

Average elevation: 2,779 ft

Average elevation: 1,358 ft

Average elevation: 417 ft

Average elevation: -69 ft

Anna Maria Island features a flat, sandy topography typical of a barrier island on the Gulf Coast. With an average elevation of around 15 feet above sea level, the terrain includes broad beaches, low dunes, and narrow stretches of sandy soil, making it highly vulnerable to storm surges and tidal flooding. The…

Average elevation: 7 ft

The core Tug Hill region encompasses 150,000 acres (610 km2) of unbroken, generally second-growth, northern hardwood forest, and is drained by a vast network of streams. Important rivers and streams whose headwaters are located within the Tug Hill region include the Mohawk River, Deer River, Salmon River, Mad…

Average elevation: 358 ft

Average elevation: 3 ft

The Santa Cruz Mountains are a region of great biological diversity, encompassing cool, moist coastal ecosystems as well as warm, dry chaparral. Much of the area in the Santa Cruz mountains is considered temperate rainforest. In valleys and moist ocean-facing slopes some of the southernmost coast redwoods…

Average elevation: 755 ft

The Florida Keys, an archipelago extending about 120 miles from the southeastern tip of Florida, feature a unique topography characterized by low-lying coral islands and a series of intricate waterways. Most islands are less than 5 feet above sea level, contributing to their vulnerability to storm surges and…

Average elevation: 0 ft

South America's topography is marked by remarkable diversity and dramatic contrasts. The continent is dominated by the Andes mountain range, which runs along its western edge, stretching over 4,300 miles from Venezuela to Chile. These mountains are home to some of the highest peaks in the Western Hemisphere,…

Average elevation: 928 ft

Average elevation: 328 ft

Istanbul, located in northwestern Turkey, is a city that is uniquely situated across two continents, Europe and Asia, divided by the Bosphorus Strait. The city’s topography is characterized by a complex blend of hills, valleys, and coastal plains, which create a varied and scenic landscape. The European side…

Average elevation: 187 ft

Average elevation: 997 ft

Average elevation: 646 ft

Average elevation: 4,695 ft

Average elevation: 4,833 ft

The city's elevation is 2,643 ft (806 m) above sea level (as measured at the Tucson International Airport). Tucson is on an alluvial plain in the Sonoran Desert, surrounded by five minor ranges of mountains: the Santa Catalina Mountains and the Tortolita Mountains to the north, the Santa Rita Mountains to the…

Average elevation: 2,743 ft

Mauna Loa is the largest subaerial and second largest overall volcano in the world (behind Tamu Massif), covering a land area of 5,271 km2 (2,035 sq mi) and spans a maximum width of 120 km (75 mi). Consisting of approximately 65,000 to 80,000 km3 (15,600 to 19,200 cu mi) of solid rock, it makes up more than…

Average elevation: 13,245 ft

Average elevation: 6,647 ft

Average elevation: 5,482 ft

The high Uintas were extensively glaciated during the last ice age, and most of the large stream valleys on both the north and south sides of the range held long valley glaciers. However, despite reaching to over 13,500 feet (4,110 m) in elevation, the climate today is sufficiently dry that no glaciers…

Average elevation: 7,753 ft

In 1922, a historic moment in cartography and oceanography occurred. The USS Stewart used a Navy Sonic Depth Finder to draw a continuous map across the bed of the Atlantic. This involved little guesswork because the idea of sonar is straightforward with pulses being sent from the vessel, which bounce off the…

Average elevation: 0 ft

Average elevation: 10 ft

Africa's topography is a complex tapestry of plateaus, mountains, valleys, and deserts. The continent is dominated by vast plateaus, with elevations averaging around 1,000 meters (3,281 feet), especially prominent in the south and east. The Ethiopian Highlands, often referred to as the "Roof of Africa," rise…

Average elevation: 1,516 ft

Mount Fuji (富士山, Fujisan, Japanese: [ɸɯꜜ(d)ʑisaɴ] (listen)), or Fugaku, located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan, with a summit elevation of 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft 3 in). It is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia (after Mount Kerinci on the island of…

Average elevation: 10,709 ft

Fairbanks is situated within the central Tanana Valley, characterized by a diverse and dynamic topography. The city straddles the Chena River, which flows southwest into the larger Tanana River, defining Fairbanks' southern border. To the north, a gradual incline leads into a chain of hills that ascend toward…

Average elevation: 479 ft

Mount Shasta (Shasta: Waka-nunee-Tuki-wuki; Karuk: Úytaahkoo) is a potentially active volcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range in Siskiyou County, California. At an elevation of 14,179 feet (4,321.8 meters), it is the second-highest peak in the Cascades and the fifth-highest in the state. Mount Shasta…

Average elevation: 12,195 ft

Average elevation: 49 ft

Average elevation: 5,003 ft

Average elevation: 797 ft

Average elevation: 1,132 ft

Average elevation: 942 ft

Average elevation: 1,929 ft

Average elevation: 10 ft

Average elevation: 1,568 ft

Average elevation: 610 ft

Average elevation: 59 ft

Average elevation: 469 ft

Average elevation: 6,007 ft

Average elevation: 115 ft

Average elevation: 164 ft

Average elevation: 5,866 ft

The mountains have a Mediterranean climate, with dry summers and rainy winters. Temperatures vary with elevation, with warm winters on the lower coastal slopes and cold winters in the high mountains and in the interior.

Average elevation: 2,717 ft

Average elevation: 5,712 ft

Average elevation: 715 ft

Average elevation: 696 ft

El Dorado Hills (EDH), as defined by the 2010 census-designated place (CDP), is at the western border of El Dorado County, between the City of Folsom and the unincorporated community of Cameron Park. The northern limits of the CDP are Folsom Lake and the South Fork of the American River, where river rafters…

Average elevation: 833 ft

The campus of the academy covers 18,455 acres (29 sq mi; 75 km2) on the east side of the Rampart Range of the Rocky Mountains, just north of Colorado Springs. Its elevation is normally given as 7,258 feet (2,212 m) above sea level, which is at the cadet area. The academy was designed by Skidmore, Owings and…

Average elevation: 7,080 ft

Average elevation: 16 ft

Average elevation: 3,271 ft

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.7 square miles (14.8 km2), of which 5.1 square miles (13.3 km2) is land, and 0.23 square miles (0.6 km2) (10.05%) is water. Poughkeepsie lies approximately 75 miles (121 km) north of the center of the New York megacity. It is 73.5 miles…

Average elevation: 213 ft

Average elevation: 1,152 ft

Average elevation: 344 ft

Average elevation: 394 ft

Green Valley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in the Sierra Pelona Mountains, in Los Angeles County, California. It lies at an elevation of 2936 feet (895 m). The population was 1,036 at the 2020 census, up from 1,027 at the 2010 census.

Average elevation: 3,468 ft

Average elevation: 8,796 ft

Average elevation: 453 ft

Neahkahnie Mountain is a mountain, or headland, on the Oregon Coast, north of Manzanita in Oswald West State Park overlooking U.S. Route 101, that has a pass elevation of approximately 620 feet (190 m), which is the third highest point of the highway in Oregon. The peak is part of the Northern Oregon Coast…

Average elevation: 538 ft

Average elevation: 587 ft

Average elevation: 554 ft

Average elevation: 0 ft

Port Charlotte is characterized by a predominantly flat and low-lying terrain, typical of Florida’s coastal landscape. The area features a network of waterways, including the Peace River and Charlotte Harbor, which provide ample opportunities for recreational activities like boating and fishing. Elevations…

Average elevation: 13 ft