Topographic maps

The topography of the United States is characterized by diverse and dynamic landscapes that vary widely across the country. In the east, rolling hills and low mountains transition into the Appalachian Mountains, featuring peaks that generally reach around 6,000 feet (1,829 meters). Moving westward, the terrain…

Average elevation: 1,014 ft

Seattle features a diverse topography characterized by its unique geographical setting between Puget Sound and Lake Washington. The city is situated on an isthmus, which contributes to its dramatic landscape, featuring rolling hills and steep slopes that rise abruptly from the waterfront. The average elevation…

Average elevation: 131 ft

Florida's topography is characterized by its predominantly flat landscape, with the highest elevation being Britton Hill at just 345 feet (105 meters) above sea level, making it the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The state is primarily divided into three physiographic regions: the Atlantic Coastal Plain,…

Average elevation: 20 ft

San Francisco is characterized by its striking and varied topography, making it one of the most distinctive cities in the United States. The landscape features a mix of rolling hills and steep inclines, with the highest elevation reaching approximately 922 feet at Twin Peaks. The average elevation across the…

Average elevation: 207 ft

Arizona's topography is highly diverse, shaped by three distinct regions: the Colorado Plateau, the Basin and Range Province, and the Transition Zone. The northern Colorado Plateau is characterized by flat, high plains over 4,000 feet in elevation, including the Grand Canyon and its breathtaking cliffs. In…

Average elevation: 4,032 ft

Texas showcases a diverse and expansive topography that spans approximately 268,000 square miles (694,117 Km²), making it the second-largest state in the United States. The landscape ranges from the arid deserts of West Texas, characterized by broad valleys and mesas, to the rolling hills of the Texas Hill…

Average elevation: 1,699 ft

Austin features a diverse and varied topography shaped by its position along the Balcones Fault. The city’s elevation ranges from about 425 feet to approximately 1,000 feet above sea level, creating a landscape characterized by rolling hills and elevated areas particularly in the western regions. To the…

Average elevation: 709 ft

Oregon's topography is strikingly diverse, characterized by an array of geographical features that shape its unique landscape. The state is framed by two significant mountain ranges: the Pacific Coast Range to the west and the Cascade Mountains running north to south through the center. This mountainous…

Average elevation: 3,077 ft

Denver, situated at an elevation of 5,280 feet (1,609 meters), is renowned as the "Mile High City." It is located in the South Platte River Valley, just east of the Rocky Mountains' foothills. The city's topography features a gently sloping landscape characterized by rolling hills and wide valleys,…

Average elevation: 5,525 ft

Portland features a striking and varied topography characterized by its location at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers. The city lies within the fertile Willamette Valley, flanked by the snow-capped Cascade Mountains to the east, including the prominent Mount Hood, and the less elevated…

Average elevation: 253 ft

San Diego is characterized by a diverse topography that features coastal plains, rolling hills, and rugged mountain ranges. The city is situated along the Pacific Ocean, where it boasts an extensive shoreline with sandy beaches and tidal zones. As you move inland, the landscape transitions from the flat…

Average elevation: 410 ft

Missouri's topography is marked by a diverse array of landforms that contribute to its unique landscape. The state is characterized by four main physiographic regions: the Ozark Plateau, Dissected Till Plains, Mississippi Alluvial Plain, and the Osage Plains. The Ozark Plateau, located in the south, features…

Average elevation: 827 ft

Phoenix is characterized by a unique topographical landscape nestled in the Salt River Valley. This valley, at an average elevation of about 1,086 feet, is framed by several prominent mountain ranges, creating a striking contrast between the flat plains and elevated terrains​. Notable peaks such as Camelback…

Average elevation: 1,578 ft

Michigan's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from flat plains to rugged hills. The state comprises two peninsulas, with the Upper Peninsula showcasing more pronounced elevation changes, including its highest point, Mount Arvon, which rises to 1,979 feet (603 meters). In…

Average elevation: 850 ft

California's topography is characterized by a remarkable diversity that includes expansive mountain ranges, deep valleys, and vast deserts. The Sierra Nevada mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, with peaks such as Mount Whitney rising to 14,494 feet (4,418 meters), making it the tallest point in…

Average elevation: 3,048 ft

Asheville, located in Buncombe County, North Carolina, is characterized by a diverse and picturesque topography primarily shaped by its position within the Blue Ridge Mountains. The city itself sits at an elevation of approximately 2,200 feet, surrounded by peaks that rise significantly higher, such as Mount…

Average elevation: 2,385 ft

Atlanta features a varied topography characterized by its rolling hills and elevated terrain. The city sits at an average elevation of approximately 1,050 feet (320 meters) above sea level, with elevations ranging from about 725 feet (221 meters) to 1,175 feet (358 meters) in the surrounding areas​. This…

Average elevation: 932 ft

Pittsburgh, located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, is characterized by its distinct and varied topography, shaped by the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers. The city itself is situated at an average elevation of approximately 764 feet (233 meters) above sea level, with the terrain…

Average elevation: 994 ft

Dallas features a predominantly flat terrain characterized by elevations generally ranging from 450 to 550 feet (137 to 168 meters) above sea level. The landscape is shaped significantly by the western edge of the Austin Chalk Formation, a limestone escarpment known as the White Rock Escarpment, which rises…

Average elevation: 525 ft

North America's topography is characterized by its diverse and dramatic landscapes, stretching from the towering Rocky Mountains in the west to the expansive Great Plains in the central region, and the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the east. The Rocky Mountains, which include peaks exceeding 20,000 feet…

Average elevation: 965 ft

Iran's topography is diverse and dominated by rugged mountain ranges, which define much of its landscape. To the west, the Zagros Mountains stretch from the northwest to the southeast, with many peaks surpassing 10,000 feet in elevation. These mountains form a rugged barrier between Iran's central plateau and…

Average elevation: 2,579 ft

Cleveland features a diverse topography shaped significantly by its proximity to Lake Erie and the Cuyahoga River. The city is characterized by a rapid elevation change, with the lakefront sitting at approximately 569 feet above sea level. Just inland, Public Square rises to about 650 feet, while further from…

Average elevation: 705 ft

Massachusetts features a diverse and varied topography. The western part of the state is dominated by the Berkshire Hills and Taconic Mountains, including Mount Greylock, the highest point at 3,491 feet (1,064 meters). The central region is marked by rolling hills, part of the broader New England Upland, which…

Average elevation: 420 ft

Blue Ridge, situated in Fannin County, Georgia, lies within the rugged terrain of the southern Appalachian Mountains. The town itself is at an elevation of approximately 1,762 feet (537 meters) above sea level. The surrounding landscape is characterized by a series of ridges and valleys, with elevations…

Average elevation: 1,755 ft

Georgia's topography is notably diverse, characterized by five main geographic regions that each contribute to its unique landscape. The southern part of the state features the Coastal Plain, a flat, low-lying area that gently slopes toward the Atlantic Ocean and is home to the expansive Okefenokee Swamp, one…

Average elevation: 446 ft

Oakland features a diverse topography shaped by its location along the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay and the presence of the nearby coastal hills. The city sits on a flat coastal plain that gradually ascends toward the Oakland Hills to the east, where elevations can exceed 1,700 feet. The highest point…

Average elevation: 167 ft

Average elevation: 253 ft

Average elevation: 203 ft

Boston features a diverse and dynamic topography that shapes its character. The city is primarily located on the Shawmut Peninsula and encompasses a mix of coastal plains and rolling hills. Its average elevation hovers around 85 feet, with the highest point being Bellevue Hill at approximately 330 feet​. The…

Average elevation: 82 ft

Ashland lies within Oregon's southwest interior climate zone, in which all but the higher-elevation sites are in the rain shadow of the Oregon Coast Range to the west. The largest urban areas in this zone in addition to Ashland are Medford and Grants Pass in the Rogue Valley, and Roseburg in the Umpqua River…

Average elevation: 2,539 ft

Chicago is characterized by its predominantly flat terrain, with an average elevation of about 579 feet (176 meters) above sea level. The city's landscape is primarily shaped by its proximity to Lake Michigan to the east, which influences local weather and provides a scenic waterfront. While the central areas…

Average elevation: 597 ft

Ohio's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that ranges from the flat plains in the north to the rolling hills and rugged terrain in the southeast. The state can be divided into several distinct regions, including the Great Lakes Plains to the north, the Central Plains in the west, and the…

Average elevation: 912 ft

North Carolina features a diverse topography that can be divided into three distinct regions: the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Appalachian Mountains. The Coastal Plain, which occupies the eastern part of the state, is characterized by flat and gently sloping land, with elevations typically less than…

Average elevation: 535 ft

Fayetteville is nestled in the picturesque Ozark Mountains, characterized by rolling hills, lush forests, and scenic valleys that define the region's topography. The elevation in Fayetteville ranges from about 1,100 feet to over 1,500 feet above sea level, creating a varied landscape that features steep ridges…

Average elevation: 1,316 ft

Average elevation: 571 ft

Los Angeles is characterized by a diverse and dynamic topography. The city is predominantly situated in a basin bordered by mountain ranges, including the Santa Monica Mountains to the north and the San Gabriel Mountains to the east, with elevations reaching up to about 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) in certain…

Average elevation: 791 ft

Pennsylvania's topography is characterized by its rich diversity, ranging from the rugged Appalachian Mountains in the south to the flatlands of the northern plateau. The state's elevation varies significantly, with the highest point being Mount Davis at approximately 3,213 feet (979 meters) and the lowest at…

Average elevation: 1,115 ft

Most of Southern California has a Mediterranean-like climate, with warm and dry summers, mild and wet winters, where cool weather and freezing temperatures are rare. Southern California contains other types of climates, including semi-arid, desert and mountain, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers…

Average elevation: 1,900 ft

The San Francisco Bay Area is characterized by a diverse and dynamic topography shaped by geological processes over millions of years. This region features a combination of coastal plains, steep hills, and rugged mountains, all influenced by the tectonic activity associated with the nearby San Andreas Fault…

Average elevation: 371 ft

Scottsdale features a diverse topography shaped by its location within the Sonoran Desert and the foothills of the McDowell Mountains. The city sits at an average elevation of about 1,827 feet (558 meters), with a range that spans from approximately 1,052 feet (321 meters) at its lowest points to 4,819 feet…

Average elevation: 1,814 ft

Jersey City has a varied topography shaped by its coastal and urban setting along the lower Hudson River. This area, largely at low elevation, sits mostly around 20 feet above sea level, with extensive flatlands near the riverbanks but modest rises inland, leading to subtle hills within the city's dense urban…

Average elevation: 30 ft

Raleigh features a topography primarily defined by its position along the fall line, which is the geological boundary between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions. This area experiences a gradual elevation drop of approximately 150 to 350 feet over a distance of 1 to 3 miles as one moves eastward. The city's…

Average elevation: 338 ft

West Virginia is renowned for its mountainous terrain, primarily part of the Appalachian Mountain system. The state's topography is characterized by steep ridges, deep valleys, and rugged plateaus. The Allegheny Plateau dominates much of the western and central regions, with its dissected hills and valleys,…

Average elevation: 1,411 ft

Philadelphia, located at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, features a diverse topography characterized by its gentle slopes and valleys. The city lies on the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line, transitioning from the flat Coastal Plain to the more rugged Piedmont region. This unique geographical…

Average elevation: 144 ft

Turkey's topography is a diverse tapestry of mountains, plateaus, and coastal plains that create a strikingly varied landscape. The country is predominantly characterized by the Anatolian Plateau, a semi-arid highland that stretches across central Turkey, with elevations ranging from 700 to 2,000 meters. This…

Average elevation: 1,598 ft

Columbia features a relatively gentle and rolling topography. The elevation in this area varies, with the city itself situated around 318 feet above sea level, while the surrounding regions exhibit elevations that can reach as high as 573 feet. The landscape is characterized by a mix of low-lying areas and…

Average elevation: 292 ft

Hawaiʻi has a tropical climate. Temperatures and humidity tend to be less extreme because of near-constant trade winds from the east. Summer highs usually reach around 88 °F (31 °C) during the day, with the temperature reaching a low of 75 °F (24 °C) at night. Winter day temperatures are usually around 83…

Average elevation: 7 ft

Colorado's topography is characterized by a diverse range of elevations and landforms, making it one of the most geologically varied states in the U.S. The state is dominated by the Rocky Mountains, which run north to south and include the highest peak in the contiguous United States, Mount Elbert, towering at…

Average elevation: 6,759 ft

The area's terrain is made up of parallel ridges, including Candies Creek Ridge (also called Clingan Ridge), Mouse Creek/Lead Mine Ridge, and Blue Springs Ridge, which are extensions of the Appalachian Mountains (specifically part of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians) that run approximately north-northeast…

Average elevation: 866 ft

Martha's Vineyard features a diverse topography characterized by gently rolling hills, sandy beaches, and rugged coastline. The island spans approximately 100 square miles and boasts elevations that reach up to 289 feet at its highest point, offering panoramic views of the surrounding Atlantic Ocean. The…

Average elevation: 10 ft

Nashville-Davidson, features a diverse topography characterized by its position in the Nashville Basin and the Highland Rim. The terrain is predominantly hilly, with elevations ranging from approximately 385 feet at the Cumberland River to around 1,163 feet in areas like Radnor Lake State Natural Area. This…

Average elevation: 604 ft

Average elevation: 3,445 ft

Orlando features a predominantly flat terrain characterized by gentle hills and low-lying areas, with elevations typically ranging from 50 to 100 feet above sea level. Despite its overall flatness, the topography includes marshes and wetlands due to the presence of numerous lakes and rivers, contributing to a…

Average elevation: 98 ft

Tennessee features a diverse and varied topography characterized by its distinct regions, which include the Appalachian Mountains, the Central Basin, and the Gulf Coastal Plain. The state’s highest point is Clingmans Dome, rising to about 6,643 feet (2,025 meters) above sea level, while the lowest point is…

Average elevation: 764 ft

Average elevation: 354 ft

Average elevation: 289 ft

The foothills of the Ozark Mountains begin in southwestern St. Louis County, with most of the rest of the county being a fairly level plateau. This western part of the county is the least developed, due to rugged topography. Bluffs along the Mississippi in the south of the county rise about 200–300 feet…

Average elevation: 545 ft

Miami is characterized by its unique topography, which features a broad coastal plain lying between the expansive Everglades to the west and the tranquil waters of Biscayne Bay to the east. The average elevation across the city is approximately 16 feet (5 meters) above sea level, with some areas dipping…

Average elevation: 16 ft

Warsaw lies in east-central Poland about 300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains and about 260 km (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany. The city straddles the Vistula River. It is located in the heartland of the Masovian Plain, and its average elevation is 100 m (330 ft)…

Average elevation: 312 ft

Bend is characterized by its distinctive topography, situated at an elevation of approximately 3,623 feet (1,105 meters) above sea level. The city lies within the high desert region of Central Oregon, bordered by the Cascade Mountains to the west, which provide a dramatic backdrop with peaks like the Three…

Average elevation: 3,678 ft

Average elevation: 1,270 ft

Puerto Rico features a diverse topography characterized by a mountainous interior, coastal plains, and stunning beaches. The island's central region is dominated by the Cordillera Central mountain range, which includes the highest peak, Cerro de Punta, rising to 4,390 feet (1,338 meters). These mountains…

Average elevation: 213 ft

The city's elevation is 2,643 ft (806 m) above sea level (as measured at the Tucson International Airport). Tucson is on an alluvial plain in the Sonoran Desert, surrounded by five minor ranges of mountains: the Santa Catalina Mountains and the Tortolita Mountains to the north, the Santa Rita Mountains to the…

Average elevation: 2,743 ft

Average elevation: 971 ft

Lake Tahoe is renowned for its dramatic topography, characterized by rugged mountain ranges and deep, crystal-clear waters. Nestled in the Sierra Nevada, the lake itself lies at an elevation of approximately 6,225 feet (1,897 meters) and spans about 22 miles (35 kilometers) in length and 12 miles (19…

Average elevation: 6,814 ft

France's topography presents a rich tapestry of varied landscapes, ranging from expansive plains to towering mountain ranges. In the north and west, the terrain is predominantly composed of flat plains and gently rolling hills, exemplified by the Paris Basin, which offers fertile soils ideal for agriculture.…

Average elevation: 1,411 ft

Durango is set within a striking and diverse topography characterized by its elevation of 6,512 feet above sea level and its position in the Animas River Valley. The city lies at the foothills of the rugged La Plata Mountains to the west and is flanked by the San Juan Mountains to the north and east. This…

Average elevation: 7,093 ft

Panama's topography is characterized by a striking diversity of landscapes that range from rugged mountains to expansive lowland plains. The interior of the country features the Central Cordillera, which includes some of the highest peaks such as Volcán Barú, reaching an elevation of about 11,400 feet (3,475…

Average elevation: 299 ft

Israel's topography is strikingly diverse, encompassing a variety of landscapes within its relatively small area of approximately 8,522 square miles (22,072 Km²). The coastal plain stretches along the Mediterranean Sea, characterized by sandy shores and fertile land that supports extensive agriculture,…

Average elevation: 1,345 ft

England's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from low-lying plains to rugged uplands. In the north and west, the terrain is dominated by mountain ranges such as the Pennines, often referred to as the "backbone of England," and the Lake District, which includes Scafell Pike, the…

Average elevation: 180 ft

Average elevation: 72 ft

Grand Rapids is situated in a region characterized by relatively flat terrain that gently undulates, influenced by the glacial activity that shaped much of the Midwest. The city itself sits at an elevation of approximately 640 feet (195 meters) above sea level, with the surrounding landscape showcasing low…

Average elevation: 709 ft

Iowa can be divided into eight landforms based on glaciation, soils, topography, and river drainage. Loess hills lie along the western border of the state, some of which are several hundred feet thick. Northeast Iowa along the Upper Mississippi River is part of the Driftless Area, consisting of steep hills and…

Average elevation: 1,037 ft

The highest elevation in the county, 2,659 ft (810 m), is the summit of Mount Ararat in Orson. Two other summits at the north end of the same ridge also exceed 2,640 ft (800 m) in elevation. The county's lowest point, at approximately 680 ft (210 m) above sea level, is along the Delaware, near Wayne County's…

Average elevation: 1,430 ft

Average elevation: 1,165 ft

Albuquerque features a striking topography characterized by its elevation and diverse geological formations. The city sits at an approximate elevation of 4,900 feet (1,500 meters) near the Rio Grande, rising dramatically to over 6,700 feet (2,000 meters) in the foothills of the nearby Sandia Mountains. These…

Average elevation: 5,538 ft

Ukraine's topography is characterized by a striking contrast of features across its vast landscape. The country predominantly consists of fertile plains and steppes, especially in the central and southern regions, where elevations typically range from sea level to around 600 meters (1,969 feet) above sea…

Average elevation: 600 ft

The Netherlands is renowned for its exceptionally flat terrain, with approximately 26% of its land lying below sea level. This low-lying landscape is characterized by extensive polders—tracts of land reclaimed from the sea and protected by an intricate system of dikes and canals. The western coastline is…

Average elevation: 823 ft

Spain's topography is marked by a striking diversity, characterized primarily by its elevated central plateau known as the Meseta Central, which rises between 2,000 and 2,500 feet (610 to 762 meters) above sea level. This vast highland is surrounded by several mountain ranges, including the Pyrenees to the…

Average elevation: 1,086 ft

Berkeley, located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, features a diverse topography characterized by rolling hills and steep slopes. The city sits at an elevation that ranges from sea level along the bay to about 1,300 feet (396 meters) in the Berkeley Hills. This hilly landscape provides stunning views…

Average elevation: 358 ft

Most of Bakersfield's major streets are six-lane divided roads with bike lanes, with almost every street in the city having proper lane signage for bicycle traffic. Bikes are a popular method of transportation in Bakersfield, due to the city's relatively flat topography and grid-like street system. Newer…

Average elevation: 515 ft

Buffalo is characterized by its relatively flat terrain, predominantly lying on the Erie/Ontario Lake Plain, which forms part of the Eastern Great Lakes Lowlands. The city's elevation averages around 607 feet above sea level, with minor variations, particularly in neighborhoods like University Heights, which…

Average elevation: 607 ft

Ocala features a varied terrain of rolling hills, gently undulating plains, and rich limestone formations typical of north-central Florida. The area rests at an elevation that generally ranges from around 50 to 150 feet above sea level, with pockets of higher ground providing scenic overlooks and natural…

Average elevation: 92 ft

The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor are located, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m)…

Average elevation: 614 ft

Oklahoma features a diverse and complex topography characterized by its mixture of plains, plateaus, and mountainous regions. The state is divided into distinct physiographic regions, including the flat Prairie Plains that dominate much of the northern and central areas, and the rugged Ozark Plateau in the…

Average elevation: 1,339 ft

Idaho's topography is characterized by its remarkable diversity, featuring vast mountain ranges, deep river canyons, and extensive plains. The state is home to over 75 mountain ranges, including the prominent Rocky Mountains and the majestic Sawtooth Range, with peaks like Borah Peak rising to 12,662 feet…

Average elevation: 5,030 ft

Delaware's topography is characterized by a distinctive blend of low-lying plains and gentle hills, reflective of its geographical positioning on the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the Appalachian Piedmont. The state predominantly features flat terrain, especially in its southern regions, where elevations rarely…

Average elevation: 52 ft

Average elevation: 318 ft

Most of the city proper resides in the Eagle Valley. The Carson River flows from Douglas County through the southwestern edge of both the valley and Carson City. Since the consolidation, the city limits today include several small populated areas outside of this valley. Today the city limits include several…

Average elevation: 6,007 ft

Monument is situated at an elevation of approximately 7,000 feet (2,134 meters) within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, creating a diverse topography that is both striking and varied. The town is characterized by rolling hills and flat terrain in the valley, contrasted by the rugged foothills of the…

Average elevation: 6,998 ft

Whidbey Island features a diverse topography characterized by a mix of rolling hills, lush forests, and dramatic coastal cliffs. The island stretches approximately 55 miles in length and up to 12 miles wide, rising to elevations of about 500 feet at its highest point. Its terrain includes expansive farmland…

Average elevation: 148 ft

Venice is characterized by its predominantly flat terrain, situated at an elevation of approximately 15 feet above sea level. This coastal city features sandy beaches along the Gulf of Mexico and is interspersed with various waterways, including canals and lakes that contribute to its scenic environment. The…

Average elevation: 10 ft

Average elevation: 1,214 ft

Poland's topography is characterized by a diverse landscape that transitions from the Baltic Sea's sandy beaches in the north to mountainous regions in the south. The northern coastline features sand dunes and is indented by spits and lagoons, such as the Hel Peninsula and the Vistula Lagoon. Moving inland,…

Average elevation: 636 ft

China's topography is characterized by dramatic contrasts, presenting a varied landscape that can be understood as a three-step staircase ascending from east to west. The eastern lowlands feature vast, fertile plains, such as the North China Plain and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, which are vital…

Average elevation: 2,956 ft

Average elevation: 85 ft

Average elevation: 2,572 ft

The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul, making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or Dakota Territory. Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub. The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley's…

Average elevation: 879 ft

Savannah is characterized by a unique and varied topography shaped by its coastal location and historical development. The city is situated on a series of low bluffs along the Savannah River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean approximately 18 miles (29 km) away. The terrain features a mix of flat coastal…

Average elevation: 13 ft

Naples features a predominantly flat and low-lying topography. The city sits at an elevation of approximately 5 to 10 feet above sea level, contributing to its coastal and marshy characteristics. The terrain is mostly characterized by sandy beaches along the Gulf of Mexico, interspersed with wetlands and…

Average elevation: 10 ft